THIS
OPERATING AGREEMENT (this "Agreement") is made and entered into as of
the ______ day of ___________________ 2001, by and between the parties listed
on Exhibit A of this Agreement
(collectively, the "Members" and each a "Member").
In
consideration of the mutual promises of the parties, and of good and valuable
consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which hereby is acknowledged, the
Members mutually agreed as follows:
ARTICLE I ‑
FORMATION OF LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY
Section 1.1Formation.The Company has
been organized as a STATE Limited Liability
Company under and pursuant to the STATE Limited
Liability Company Act, being Act No. 23, Public Acts of 1993, as amended from
time to time (or any successor law thereto) (the "Act") by the filing
of the Articles of Organization ("Articles"), which have been or will be
executed by two or more Members and filed with the Department of Commerce of
the State of STATE as required by the Act.OR which have been filed on
_________________ with the Department of Consumer and Industry
Services-Corporation, Securities and Land Development Bureau.
Section 1.2 Name. The name of the
limited liability company is __________________ (the
"Company"). The Company may also conduct
its business under one or more assumed names, filed in accordance with the
provisions of the Act.
Section 1.3 Purposes. The purposes of
the Company are to engage in any activity for which
Limited Liability Companies may be formed under the
Act. The Company shall have all the powers
necessary or convenient to effect any purpose for
which it is formed, including all powers granted by the Act.
Section 1.4 Registered Office and Resident
Agent. The registered office and resident agent of the Company shall be as
designated in the initial Articles or any amendment thereof. The registered
office and/or resident agent may be changed from time to time. Any such change
shall be made in accordance with the Act. If the Resident Agent shall ever
resign, the Company shall promptly appoint a successor.
Section 1.5 Principal Office. The
principal office of the Company shall be located at
_____________________________________, _______________, STATE ______________,
or at such other location as the General Manager may determine from time to
time.
Section 1.6 Term. The Company begins
upon the filing of its Articles of Organization and shall continue in existence
for the period fixed in the Articles or any amendment for the duration of the
Company, or until the Company shall be sooner dissolved and its affairs wound
up in accordance with the Act or this Agreement.
Section 1.7 Members and Percentage of
Interest. The names and addresses of the Members of the Company are set
forth on Exhibit A attached to and
made a part of this Agreement. Each Member shall have a percentage interest
("Interest" or "Sharing Ratio") in the Company as set forth
opposite his or her name on Exhibit A.
Section 1.8 Intention for Company. The
Members have formed the Company as a Limited
Liability Company under and pursuant to the Act. The
Members specifically intend and agree that the Company is not a partnership
(including a limited partnership) or any other venture, but a Limited Liability
Company under and pursuant to the Act. No Member shall be construed to be a
partner in the Company or a partner of any other Member or person in the
Articles, this Operating Agreement, and the relationships created thereby and
arising therefrom shall not be construed to suggest otherwise.
Section 1.9 Title to Property. All real
and personal property owned by the Company shall be owned by the Company as an
entity and no Member shall have any ownership interest in such property in such
Member's individual name or right, and each Member's interest in the Company
shall be personal property for all purposes. Except as otherwise provided in
this Agreement, the Company shall hold all of its real and personal property in
the name of the Company and not in the name of any Member.
ARTICLE II ‑
CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Section 2.1Initial Commitments and Contributions.By the execution of this Operating
Agreement, the initial Members hereby agree to make
the capital contributions set forth in the attached Exhibit A. The interests of the respective Members in the total
capital of the Company (their respective "Sharing Ratios," as
adjusted from time to time to reflect changes in the Capital Accounts of the
Members and the total Capital in the Company) is also set forth in Exhibit A. Any additional Member (other
than an assignee of a membership interest who has been admitted as a Member)
shall make the capital contribution set forth in an Admission Agreement. No
Member shall have any right to withdraw or to be repaid any capital
contribution except as provided in this Operating Agreement.
Section 2.2 Additional Contributions.
In addition to the initial capital contributions, the General Manager may
determine from time to time that additional capital contributions are needed to
enable the Company to conduct its business and affairs. Upon making such a
determination, notice thereof shall be given to all Members in writing at least
fifteen ( 15) business days prior to the date on which such additional contributions
are due. Such notice shall describe in reasonable detail, the purposes and uses
of such additional capital, the amounts of additional capital required, and the
date by which payment of the additional capital is required. Each Member shall
be obligated to make such additional capital contribution to the extent of any
unfulfilled commitment.
Section 2.3 Failure to Contribute. If
any Member fails to make a capital contribution when
required, the Company may, in addition to the other
rights and remedies the Company may have under the Act or applicable law, take
such enforcement action (including the commencement and prosecution of court
proceedings) against such Member as the Members consider appropriate. Moreover,
the remaining Members may elect to contribute the amount of such required
capital themselves according to their respective Sharing Ratios. In such an
event, the remaining Members shall be entitled to treat such amounts as an
extension of credit to such defaulting Member, payable upon demand, with
interest accruing thereon at the rate of 7%per annum until paid, all of which shall be
secured by such defaulting Member's interest in the Company, each Member who
may hereafter default, hereby granting to each Member who may hereafter grant
such an extension of credit, a security interest in such defaulting Member's
interest in the Company.
Section 2.4 Maintenance of Capital
Accounts.
The Company shall establish and maintain capital accounts for each Member and
Assignee. Each Member's capital account shall be increased by (1) the amount of
any money actually contributed by the Member to the capital of the Company, (2)
the fair market value of any property contributed, as determined by the Company
and the contributing Member at arm's length at the time of contribution (net of
liabilities assumed by the Company or subject to which the Company takes such
property, within the meaning of Section 752 of the Code), and (3) the Member's
share of Net Profits and any items in the nature of income or gain which are
specially allocated pursuant to Section 3.3 hereof, and the amount of any
Company liabilities assumed by such Member or which are secured by any property
distributed to such Member. Each Member's capital account shall be decreased by
(1) the amount of any money actually distributed by the Company to the Member,
(2) the fair market value of any property distributed to the Member, as
determined by the Company and the contributing Member at arm's length at the
time of distribution (net of liabilities of the Company assumed by the Member
or subject to which the Member takes such property within the meaning of
Section 752 of the Code), and (3) the Member's share of Net Losses and any
items in the nature of expenses or losses which are specially allocated
pursuant to Section 3.3 hereof, and the amount of any liabilities of such
Member assumed by the Company or which one secured by any property contributed
by such Member to the Company. All Members promise that their capital accounts
shall be maintained at all times in the same proportions to each other as their
Sharing Ratios in the Company as set forth in Exhibit A, unless new additional Members are added or there is an
agreed upon change to such capital accounts.
Section 2.5 Distribution of Assets. If
the Company at any time distributes any of its assets in‑kind to any
Member, the capital account of each Member shall be adjusted to account for
that Member's allocable share of the net profits or net losses that would have
been realized by the Company had it sold the assets that were distributed at
their respective fair market values immediately prior to their distribution.
Section 2.6 Other Matters.
I.Except as
otherwise provided in this Agreement or as required by the Act:
(a)No
Member gives up any of his or her rights to be repaid his or her Capital
Contributions
in favor of any other Members;
(ii)
No Member shall have the right to
demand or receive property other than cash in return of such Member's Capital
Contributions; and
(iii)
No Member shall have the right to
demand and receive property or cash of the
Company in return of such
Member's Capital Contribution until the termination of the Company.
1(iiNo Member shall
receive any interest, salary or draw with respect to such Member's Capital
Contributions or such Member's Capital Account or for services rendered on
behalf of the Company or otherwise in such Member's capacity as a Member,
except as otherwise provided in this Agreement.
(a)No person
shall be admitted to the Company as a Member without the unanimous consent of
the Members.
ARTICLE III ‑ ALLOCATIONS
Section 3.1 Profits. After giving effect to the
special allocations set forth in Section 3.3, Profits for any fiscal year shall
be allocated among the Members in proportion to their Sharing Ratios.
Section 3.2 Losses.
(a) After giving effect to the special
allocations set forth in Section 3.3, Losses for any fiscal year shall be
allocated among the Members in proportion to their Sharing Ratios.
(a)The Losses
allocated to any Member pursuant to Section 3.2(a) shall not exceed the maximum
amount of Losses that can be so allocated without causing any Member to have an
Adjusted Capital Account Deficit at the end of any fiscal year. In the event
some but not all of the Members would have Adjusted Capital Account Deficits as
a consequence of an allocation of Losses pursuant to Section 3.2(a), the
limitation set forth in this Section 3.2(b) shall be applied on a Member by
Member basis so as to allocate the maximum permissible Losses to each Member
under Section 1.704‑l(b)(2)(ii)(d) of the Treasury Regulations. In the
event all Members have Adjusted Capital Account Deficits, Losses shall be
allocated in accordance with Section 3.2(a).
Section 3.3 Special Allocations.
(a)Minimum Gain Chargeback.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section 3, if there is a net
decrease in the Company's Minimum Gain during any Company fiscal year, each
Member shall be specially allocated items of Company income and gain for such
fiscal year (and, if necessary, subsequent fiscal years) to the extent and
subject to the exceptions set forth in the Minimum Gain chargeback requirements
set forth in Treasury Regulation Section 1.704‑2(f). Allocations pursuant
to the previous sentence shall be made in proportion to the respective amounts
required to be allocated to each Member pursuant thereto. This Section 3.3(a)
is intended to comply with the minimum gain chargeback requirement in Section
1.704‑l(f) of the Treasury Regulations and shall be interpreted
consistently therewith.
(a)Qualified Income Offset. In the event
any Member unexpectedly receives any adjustments, allocations, or distributions
described in Treasury Regulation Section 1.704(b)(2)(ii)(d)(4), Section 1.704‑l(b)(2)(ii)(d)(5)
or Section 1.704‑l(b)(2)(ii)(d)(6), items of Company income and gain
shall be specially allocated to each such Member in an amount and manner
sufficient to eliminate, to the extent required by the Treasury Regulations,
the Adjusted Capital Account Deficit of such Member as quickly as possible,
provided that an allocation pursuant to this Section 3.3 (b) shall be made only
if and to the extent that such Member would have an Adjusted Capital Account
Deficit after all other allocations provided for in this Section 3 have been
tentatively made as if this Section 3.3(b) were not in the Operating Agreement.
(a)Gross Income Allocation. In the event
any Member has a deficit Capital Account at the end of any fiscal year which is
in excess of the sum of (i) the amount such Member is obligated to restore
pursuant to any provision of this Agreement, and (ii) the amount such Member is
deemed to be obligated to restore pursuant to the penultimate sentences of
Treasury Regulations Section 1.704‑2(g)( I ) and 1.704‑2(i)(5),
each such Member shall be specially allocated items of Company income and gain
in the amount of such excess as quickly as possible, provided that an
allocation pursuant to this Section 3.3(c) shall be made only if an to the
extent and to the extent that such Member would have a deficit Capital Account
in excess of such sum after all the other allocations provided in this Section
3 have been made as if Section 3.3(b) and this Section 3.3(c) were not in the
Operating Agreement.
(a)Nonrecourse Deductions. Nonrecourse Deductions for any fiscal year
shall be specially allocated to the Members in proportion to their Sharing
Ratios.
(e) Member
Nonrecourse Deductions. Any Member Nonrecourse Deductions, as the term
partner nonrecourse deductions is defined in Sections 1.704‑2(i)(l) and
1.704‑2(i)(2) of the Treasury Regulations, for any fiscal year shall be
specially allocated to the Member who bears the economic risk of loss with
respect to the Member Nonrecourse Debt to which such Member Nonrecourse Deductions
are attributable in accordance with Treasury Regulations Section 1.704‑2(i)(l).
(f) Section
754 Adjustments. To the extent an adjustment to the adjusted tax basis of
any Company asset pursuant to Code Section 734(b) or Code Section 743(b) is required,
pursuant to Treasury Regulations Section 1.704‑1 (b)(2)(iv)(m)(2) or
Section 1.704‑1 (b)(2)(iv)(m)(4), to be taken into account in determining
Capital Accounts as the result of a distribution to a Member in complete
liquidation of his/her interest in the Company, the amount of such adjustment
to Capital Accounts shall be treated as an item of gain (if the adjustment
increases the basis of the asset) or loss (if the adjustment deceases such
basis) and such gain or loss shall be specially allocated to the Members in
accordance with their Sharing Ratios in the event that Treasury Regulations
Section 1.704‑1 (b)(2)(iv)(m)(2) applies, or to the Member to whom such
distribution was made in the event that Treasury Regulations Section 1.704‑1
(b)(2)(iv)(m)(4) applies.
(a)Allocations Relating to Taxable Issuance of
Company Interests. Any income, gain, loss or deduction realized as a direct
or indirect result of the issuance of an interest by the Company to a Member
(the "Issuance Items") shall be allocated among Members so that, to
the extent possible, the net amount of such Issuance Items, together with all
other allocations under this Agreement to each Member, shall be equal to the
net amount that would have been allocated to each Member if the Issuance Items
had not been realized.
Section 3.4 Tax Allocations: Code Section
704(c). In accordance with Code
Section 704(c) and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, income,
gain, loss, and deduction with respect to any property contributed to the capital
of the Company shall, solely for tax purposes, be allocated among the Members
so as to take account of any variation between the adjusted basis of such
property to the Company for federal income tax purposes and its agreed upon
fair market value at the time of contribution. In addition, if Company property
is revalued and Capital Accounts are adjusted, then subsequent allocations of
income, gain, loss and deduction for tax purposes with respect to the revalued
property shall take into account the variation between the properties' tax
basis and book value in the same manner under Code Section 704(c) and the
Treasury Regulations thereunder.
Section 3.5 Compliance with Code
Section 704(b). The special allocations in Sections 3.3 are intended to comply with
the Treasury Regulations promulgated under Code Section 704(b). Notwithstanding
any other provision of this Section 3, those special allocations shall be taken
into account in computing subsequent allocations of Profit, Loss, income, gain,
loss and deductions pursuant to this Section 3, so that, to the extent
possible, the net amount of any item so allocated and the Profit, Loss, income
gain, loss and deductions allocated to each Member pursuant to this Section 3
shall be equal to the net amount that would have been allocated to each such
Member pursuant to this Section 3 if those special allocations had not
occurred.
Section 3.6 Advice of Tax Counsel. Upon
the advice of the Company's Tax Counsel, this Section 3 may be amended by the
members to Comply with the Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated under
Section 704 of the Code.
Section 3.7. Other Allocation Rules.
(f)For
purposes of determining the Profits, Losses, or any other items allocable to
any period, Profits, Losses, and any such other items shall be determined on a
daily, monthly, or other basis, as determined by a Majority in Interest of the
Members using any permissible method under Code Section 706 and the Treasury
Regulations promulgated thereunder.
(a)All
allocations to the Members pursuant to this Section 3 shall, except as
otherwise provided, be divided among them in proportion to their Sharing
Ratios.
(a)The
Members are aware of the income tax consequences of the allocations made by
this Section 3 and agree to be bound by the provisions of this Section 3 in
reporting their shares of Company income and loss for income tax purposes.
Section 3.8. Definitions. Capitalized
words and phrases used in this Operataing Agreement have the following
meanings:
(a)For
purposes of this Agreement, "Adjusted Capital Account Deficit" means,
with respect to any Member, the deficit balance, if any, in such Member's
Capital Account as of the end of the relevant fiscal year, after giving effect
to the following adjustments:
(i)Credit
to such Capital Account any amounts which such Member is obligated to restore
pursuant to any provision of this Operating Agreement or is deemed to be
obligated to restore pursuant to the penultimate sentences of Treasury
Regulations Sections 1.704‑2(g)(l) and 1.704‑2(i)(5); and
The
foregoing definition of Adjusted Capital Account Deficit is intended to comply
with the
provisions of Section 1.704‑l(b)(2)(ii)(d) of
the Treasury Regulations and shall be interpreted consistently therewith.
(a)"Minimum
Gain" means as of any date has the meaning set forth in Treasury
Regulations Section 1.704‑2(d). Minimum Gain shall be computed separately
for each Member, applying principles consistent with both the foregoing
definition and the Treasury Regulations promulgated under Code Section 704(b).
(a)"Profit
or Loss" means the income or loss, as the case may be, of the Company for
a period as determined in accordance with Code Section 703(a)(l), including
each item of income, gain, loss or deduction required to be separately stated,
the excluding items specifically allocated under Section 3.3.
ARTICLE IV ‑
DISTRIBUTIONS, PROFITS, AND LOSSES
Section 4.1 Distributions. The General
Manager may make distributions to the Members from time to time. Distributions
may be made only after the General Manager determines in his reasonable
judgment, that the Company has sufficient cash on hand which exceeds the
current and the anticipated needs of the Company to fulfill its business
purposes (including, needs for operating expenses, debt service, acquisitions,
reserves and mandatory distributions, if any). All distributions shall be made
to the Members in accordance with their Sharing Ratios. Distributions shall be
in cash or property or partially in both, as determined by the General Manager.
No distribution shall be declared or made if, after giving it effect, the
Company would not be able to pay its debts as they become due in the usual
course of business or the Company's total assets would be less than the sum of
its total liabilities plus, the amount that would be needed if the Company were
to be dissolved at the time of the distribution, to satisfy the preferential
rights of other Members upon dissolution that are superior to the rights of the
Members receiving the distribution.
Section 4.2 Timing of Distributions.
Distributions, if any, shall be made at intervals approved by the General
Manager to those persons recognized on the books of the Company as Members on
the day of the distribution.
Section 4.3 Amounts Withheld. All
amounts withheld pursuant to the Code or any provision of any state or local
tax law with respect to any payment, distribution or allocation to the Company
or the Members shall be treated as amounts distributed to the Members pursuant
to this Section for all purposes under this Operating Agreement. The Members
are authorized (but not obligated) to withhold from distributions, with respect
to allocations, to the Members and to pay over to any federal, state, or local
governments any amounts required to be so withheld pursuant to the Code or any
provision of any other federal, state or local law and shall allocate such
amounts to the Members with respect to such amount was withheld.
Section 4.4 Distributions in Kind. If a Member is entitled to
receive a distribution (including but not limited to any return of a Capital
Contribution), the Company may distribute cash, notes, property or a
combination thereof to the Member. However, the Member shall not be compelled
to accept a distribution in a form other than cash to the extent that the
percentage of the asset distributed to the Member would otherwise exceed the
Member's Sharing Ratio percentage. If any assets of the Company are distributed
to the Members in kind, such assets shall be valued on the basis of the fair
market value thereof on the date of the distribution.
ARTICLE V‑
MANAGEMENT
Section 5.1 Management by Manager. The
business of the Company will be managed by a General Manager, who shall be a
Member. ______________________ is designated to serve as the initial General
Manager. The business and affairs of the Company shall be managed under the
direction and control of the General Manager, and all powers of the Company
shall be exercised by
or under the authority of the General Manager. No
other person shall have any right or authority to act for or bind the Company
except as permitted in this Agreement or as required by law.
Section 5.2 General Powers. Except as
may otherwise be provided in this Operating Agreement, the ordinary and usual
decisions concerning the business and affairs of the Company shall be made by the
General Manager. The General Manager has the power, on behalf of the Company,
to do all things necessary or convenient to carry out the business and affairs
of the Company, including the power to: (a) purchase, lease or otherwise
acquire any real or personal property; (b) sell, convey, mortgage, grant a
security interest in, pledge, lease, exchange or otherwise dispose of or
encumber any real or personal property; (c) open one or more depository
accounts and make deposits into (and) checks and withdrawals against such
accounts; (d) borrow money, incur liabilities, and other obligations; (e) enter
into any and all agreements and execute any and all contracts, documents and
instruments; (f) engage employees and agents, define their respective duties,
and establish their compensation or remuneration; (g) establish pension plans,
trusts, profit sharing plans, and other benefit and incentive plans for
Members, employees and agents of the Company; (h) obtain insurance covering the
business and affairs of the Company and its property and the lives and well
being of its Member employees and agents; (i) commence, prosecute or defend any
proceeding in the Company's name; (j) participate with others in partnerships,
joint ventures
and other associations and strategic alliances; and
(k) execute all documents to effectuate the above powers.
Section 5.3 Limitation on Authority
of Members.
(a)No Member
is an agent of the Company solely by virtue of being a Member, and no Member
has authority to act for the Company solely by virtue of being a Member.
(a)Provisions
contained in this Section 5 supersedes any authority granted to the Members
pursuant to Sections 401 or 406 of the Act. Any Member who takes any action or
binds the Company in violation of this Section 5 shall be solely responsible
for any loss and expense incurred by the Company as a result of the
unauthorized action and shall indemnify and hold the Company harmless with
respect to the loss or expense.
Section 5.4 Removal/Replacement of General
Manager. The Members may remove the General Manager, and elect a new
General Manager, only upon the General Manager's willful or intentional
violation or reckless disregard of the General Manager's duties to the Company.
In theevent of the death or incapacity
of the General Manager, or if the General Manager is unwilling or otherwise
unable to act, the Members may elect a new General Manager.
Section 5.5 Power of Attorney.
(a)Grant of Power. Each Member constitutes
and appoints the General Manager as the Member's true and lawful Attorney‑In‑Fact
("Attorney‑In‑Fact"), and in the Member's name, place and
stead, to make, execute, sign, acknowledge and file: (i) all documents
(including amendments to Articles of Organization) that the Attomey‑ln‑Fact
deems necessary or appropriate to reflect any amendment, change, or
modification of this Agreement; (ii) any and all other certificates or other
instruments required to be filed by the Company under the laws of the State of STATE
or of any other state or jurisdiction, including but not limited to any
certificate or other instruments necessary in order for the Company to continue
to qualify as a Limited Liability Company under the laws of the State of STATE;
(iii) one or more assumed name certificates; and (iv) all documents that may be
required to dissolve and terminate the Company and to cancel its Articles of
Organization.
(a)Irrevocability. The foregoing Power of
Attorney is irrevocable and is coupled with an interest, and shall not be
affected by disability of the principal. It also shall survive the transfer of
an interest, except that if the transferee is approved for admission as a
Member, this Power of Attorney on behalf of the assigning Member shall survive
the delivery of an Assignment that terminates the Membership Interest of the
assigning Member for the sole purpose of enabling the Attorney‑In‑Fact
to execute, acknowledge, and file any documents needed to effectuate the
substitution.Each Member shall be
bound by any representations made by the Attorney‑In‑Fact acting in
good faith pursuant to this Power of Attorney, and each Member hereby waives
any and all defenses that may be available to contest, negate or disaffirm the
action of the Attorney‑In‑Fact taken in good faith under this Power
of Attorney.
ARTICLE VI ‑
MEETINGS OF MEMBERS
Section6.1 Voting.All Members shall be entitled to vote on any
matter submitted to the Members.Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Members shall have the right to vote
on all of the
following:
(a)The
dissolution of the Company;
(b)Merger of
the Company;
(c)An
Amendment to the Articles of Organization.
Section 6.2 Required Vote. Unless a
greater vote is required by the Act or the Articles, the
affirmative vote or consent of a majority of the
Sharing Ratios of all the Members entitled to vote or consent on such matter
shall be required.
Section 6.3 Meetings. An annual meeting
of Members for the transaction of such business as may properly come before the
Meeting, shall be held at such place, on such date and at such time as the General
Manager shall determine. Special meetings of Members for any proper purpose or
purposes may be called at any time by the General Manager, or Members holding
not less than thirty percent (30%) of the Sharing Ratios of all Members. The
Company shall deliver or mail written notice staling the date, time, place, and
purpose of any meeting to each Member entitled to vote at the meeting. Such
notice shall be given not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days
before the date of the meeting.
Section 6.4 Attendance at Meeting. Any
Member's attendance at a meeting constitutes a waiver of objection to:
(a)lack of
notice or defective notice of the meeting unless the Member at the beginning of
the meeting objects to the holding of the meeting or transacting business at
the meeting; and
(a)consideration
of a particular matter at the meeting that is not within the purposes described
in the meeting notice, unless the Member objects to considering the matter when
it is presented.
Section 6.5 Electronic Participation. A
Member shall be deemed to be present in person at a meeting of Members if such
Member participates in a meeting of Members by a conference telephone or by
other similar communications equipment through which all persons participating
in the meeting may communicate with each other and all participants are advised
of the communications equipment and the names of the participants in the
conference are divulged to all participants.
Section 6.6 Consent. Any action
required or permitted to be taken at an annual or special meeting of the
Members may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice, and without a
vote, if consents in writing, setting forth the action so taken, are signed by
the Members having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be
necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all membership
interests entitled to vote on the action were present and voted. Every written
consent shall bear the date and signature of each member who signs the consent.
Prompt notice of the taking of action without a meeting by less than unanimous
written consent shall be given to all Members who have not consented in writing
to such action.
Section 6.7 Other Businesses of Members.
No Member will be required to devote full time effort to the Company. Each of
the Members shall devote such time to the Company business as they, in their
sole discretion, deem necessary to further the interests of the Company.
Nothing contained in this Agreement shall be construed as preventing a Member
from engaging in any other business activity, including an activity that would
compete with this Company.
ARTICLE VII ‑ ASSIGNMENT AND
WITHDRAWAL
Section 7.1 New Members; Substitute Members
and Transferees. No new Members may be admitted to the Company without the
prior written consent of all Members, which consent may be withheld in a
Member's sole discretion. Unless otherwise required by law, no Member has the
right to sell, assign, transfer, mortgage, or pledge his or her Interest, or
any part of his or her Interest, in the Company or grant the right to become a
substitute Member to an assignee of all or any part of his or her Interest,
except with the prior written consent of all Members, which consent may be
withheld in a Member's sole discretion, and any attempt to do so is null and
void. If admitted, the substitute Member has, to the extent assigned, all of
the rights and powers, and is subject to all of the restrictions and
liabilities of a Member. Subject to the other provisions of this Agreement, a
transferee of an Interest in the Company shall be admitted as a Member only
after completion of the following:
(a)The
transferee accepts and agrees in writing to be bound by the terms and
provisions of this Agreement;
(a)The
transferor pays or reimburses the Company for all legal fees and filing costs
incurred by the Company in connection with the admission of the transferee as a
Member; and
(b)If the
transferee is not an individual, the transferee provides the Company with
evidence satisfactory to counsel for the Company of the authority of such
transferee to become a Member under the terms and provisions of this Agreement.
Section 7.2 Overriding Restrictions on
Transfer. Notwithstanding anything else contained in this Agreement, a
Member's Interest may not be assigned, in whole or in part:
(a)if the
assignment, alone or when combined with other transactions, would result in a
termination of the Company within the meaning of Section 708 of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended;
(a)without an
opinion of counsel satisfactory to the Company that the assignment is subject
to an effective registration under, or exempt from the registration
requirements of, the applicable state and federal securities laws; and
(a)unless and
until the Company receives from the assignee the information and agreements
that the Company may reasonably require, including, but not limited to, any
taxpayer identification number and any agreement that may be required by any
taxing jurisdiction.
Section 7.3 Transfers Not in Compliance
with This Article Void. Any attempted assignment of a Member Interest, or
any part thereof, not in compliance with this Article is null and void abinitio and will be treated as a withdrawal in violation of this
Operating Agreement by the assigning Member.
Section 7.4 Right of First Refusal. Subject
to this Section 7, no Member (the "Selling Member") may sell, assign
or transfer all or any portion of his Membership Interest in the Company (the
"Offered Membership Interest") unless he first notifies the Company
and the other Members of the Company (the "Offeree(s)") of the
identity of the prospective buyer, assignee or transferee and sends to the
Company and the Offerees a copy of the written Offer (the "Offer") and
unless the Selling Member shall first Offer to sell the Offered Membership
Interest in the Company to the Offerees, with each Offeree being offered the
proportion of the membership that is equal to the Offered Membership Interest
multiplied by a fraction, the numerator which is each Offerees's Sharing Ratio
and the denominator of which is the aggregate of the Sharing Ratios of all
Offerees, for the same price and on the same terms as those being offered to
the Selling Member in the Offer. The Offerees shall have thirty (30) days after
receiving said Offer to accept said Offer.Any Membership Interest not purchased by any Offerees within the said
thirty (30) day option period shall
be offered to those remaining Offeree Members who
did purchase their respective proportionate Membership Interest from the
Selling Member. Pursuant to the foregoing, said purchase is to be in equal
amounts where more than one (1) remaining Offeree wishes to so purchase and for
the same price and on the same terms that apply to the foregoing purchases. If
the Offerees, in the aggregate, do not elect, by the end of the second option
period, to purchase the entire original Offered Membership Interest, the
Selling Member shall, for a period of ninety (90) days after the expiration of
the two (2) thirty (30) day option periods set forth above, be free to sell the
Offered Membership Interest to any purchaser for the exact price and upon the
exact terms disclosed in the Offer. Notwithstanding this Paragraph, such
purchaser shall not become a substitute Member of the Company unless the
express written consent of all the other remaining Members is obtained.
Otherwise, the purchaser shall become an assignee of a membership interest
subject to 6.6 of this Agreement.
Section 7.5 No Assumption of Liability.
An assignee of a Member's Interest, who is not admitted as a Member, will have
no liability as a Member of the Company solely as a result of the assignment.
Section 7.6 Rights of Assignees. The
assignee of a Member's Interest, even one who is already a Member, has no right
to become a Member or exercise any rights of a Member (including, voting on or
otherwise assenting to Company action), with respect to the assigned interest,
unless admitted as a substitute Member as provided in this Agreement.
Section 7.7 Termination of Membership;
Liability. Except as otherwise provided, a Member ceases to be a Member
upon assignment of all of his or her Interest. The assignor is not released
from his or her liability to the Company under Sections 302 and 308 of the Act,
even if the assignee becomes a Member.
Section 7.8 Withdrawal. Before the
dissolution and winding up of the business of the Company, no Member may
voluntarily withdraw from the Company except with the prior written consent of
all Members. If a Member withdraws in violation of this Section 7.8, such
Member is not entitled to any distributions (under Section 305 or Section 808
of the Act) and the Company may recover from the withdrawing Member any damages
for breach of this Agreement in excess of the amount that would otherwise be
distributable to the Member under Sections 305 or 808 of the Act.
Section 7.9 Expulsion. A Member may be
expelled from the Company only for cause and only upon the affirmative vote of
a majority of the Sharing Ratios of all the Members. The Member whose expulsion
is in question will be entitled to vote on the matter of expulsion. Expulsion
will be at a meeting of the Members called expressly for that purpose, and the
Member whose expulsion is in question will be given reasonable advance notice
of the allegations against the Member and an opportunity to be heard at the
meeting.
ARTICLE VIII ‑
DISSOLUTION AND LIQUIDATION OF THE
COMPANY
Section 8.1 Dissolution; Right to Continue.
Upon an event of dissolution (as defined below), a majority of the remaining
Members, if any, shall have the right to consent to continue the business of
the Company by written agreement within ninety (90) days after the event giving
rise to the dissolution. Events of dissolution include the following:
(a)The
expiration of the term of the Company as provided in the Articles;
(a)The
unanimous consent of the Members;
(a)The death,
withdrawal, expulsion, bankruptcy, or dissolution of a Member, or the
occurrence of any other event that terminates the continued membership of a
Member in the Company; or
(a)The entry
of a decree of judicial dissolution.
Section 8.2 Liquidation and Termination.
Subject to any restrictions in any agreement to which the Company is a party,
the Company may be terminated after dissolution if the remaining Members do not
elect to continue the Company as provided in this Agreement. If the Company is
terminated, the General Manager shall promptly liquidate and terminate the
affairs of the Company by discharging all debts and liabilities of the Company
and by distributing all assets in accordance with the Act and this Agreement.
ARTICLE IX ‑
BOOKS AND RECORDS
Section 9.1 Books and Records. The
General Manager shall keep or cause to be kept proper and complete records and
books of account of all Company business and these records shall be open to
inspection by any Member or the Member's duly authorized representative at any
reasonable time during normal business hours. Any Member may make copies of the
records and books of account. The Company shall keep its books and records on
the basis of accounting determined to be in the best interests of the Company
as selected by the General Manager from time to time. Within seventy‑five
(75) days after the end of each taxable year and at the expense of the Company,
the General Manager shall cause to be prepared a complete accounting of the
affairs of the Company, together with whatever appropriate information is
required by each Member for the purpose of preparing such Member's income tax
return for that year, which accounting and other information shall be furnished
to each Member. The accounting and other information that shall be furnished to
each Member shall include, but is not necessarily limited to:
(a)A report
setting forth, as of the end of and for each fiscal year, a profit and loss
statement, a balance sheet, and a statement showing the amounts allocated to
each Member during the year; and
(a)Other
information as in the judgment of the General Manager shall be reasonably
necessary for the Members to be advised of the results of operations of the
Company.
Section 9.2Records Maintained at Registered Office. The Company shall maintain
at its
principal office the records referred to in this
Agreement, including, but not limited to, the following:
(a)A current
list of the full name and last known address of each Member;
(a)A copy of
the Articles of Organization, together with any amendments to the Articles
of
Organization;
(a)Copies of
the Company's federal, state, and local income tax returns and reports, if any,
for the three most recent years;
(a)Copies of
any financial statements of the Company for the three most recent years;
(a)A copy of
this Agreement; and
(a)Copy of
records that would enable a Member to determine the Members' shares of the
Company's distributions and their relative voting rights.
Section 9.3Tax Matters. The General Manager shall be designated the Company's
tax matters partner ("Tax Matters Partner") and will initially handle
federal tax matters for the Company. The Tax Matters Partner shall have all
powers and responsibilities provided in Section 6221,et ea., of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. The Tax Matters Partner will take action as
may be necessary to cause each other Member of the Company to become a
"notice partner," within the meaning of Section 6223 of the Code.
Section 9.4 Special Basis Adjustment.
In connection with any Permitted Transfer of a Company Interest, the Members
shall cause the Company, at the written request of the Transferor or the
Transferee, on behalf of the Company and at the time and in the manner provided
in Treasury Regulations 1.754‑Kb), to make an election to adjust the
basis of the Company's property in the manner provided in Sections 734(b) and
743 (b) of the Code, and such Transferee shall pay all costs incurred by the
Company in connection therewith, including without limitation, reasonable
attorneys and accountants fees.
Section 9.5 Bank Accounts. All funds of
the Company shall be deposited in Company checking or other bank accounts,
subject to such authorized signatures as the General Manager may determine.
Section 9.6 Fiscal Year. The fiscal
year of the Company shall end on the 31st day of December in each year.
ARTICLE X ‑
LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION
Section 10.1 Exculpation of Liability.
Unless otherwise provided by law or expressly assumed, a person who is a Member
or Manager, or both, shall not be liable for the acts, debts or liabilities of
this Company. Further, the General Manager shall not be liable, responsible, or
accountable, in damages or otherwise, to any Member or to the Company for any
omission or any act performed by the General Manager within the scope of the
authority conferred on the General Manager by this Agreement, except for fraud,
gross negligence, and intentional breach of this Agreement, or as otherwise
required by the Act.
Section 10.2 Indemnification. Except as
otherwise provided in this Article, the Company shall indemnify any Manager and
may indemnify any employee or agent of the Company who was or is a party or
threatened to be made a party to a threatened, pending or completed action,
suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative, or investigative,
and whether formal or informal, other than an action by or in the right of the
Company by reason of the fact that such person is or was a Manager, employee or
agent of the Company against expenses, including attorneys' fees, judgments,
penalties, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably
incurred by such person in connection with the action, suit or proceeding, if
the person acted in good faith, with the care an ordinarily prudent person in a
like position would exercise under similar circumstances, and in a manner that
such person reasonably believed to be in the best interests of the Company and
with respect to a criminal action or proceeding, if such person had no
reasonable cause to believe such person's conduct was unlawful. To the extent
that a Member, employee or agent of the Company has been successful on the
merits or otherwise in defense of an action, suit or proceeding or in defense
of any claim, issue or other matter in the action, suit or proceeding, such
persons shall be indemnified against actual and reasonable expenses, including
attorneys' fees, incurred by such person in connection with the action, suit or
proceeding and any action, suit or proceeding brought to enforce the mandatory
indemnification provided herein. Any indemnification permitted under this
Article, unless ordered by a court, shall be made by the Company only as
authorized in the specific case upon a determination that the indemnification
is proper under the circumstances because the person to be indemnified has met
the applicable standard of conduct and upon an evaluation of the reasonableness
of expenses and amounts paid in settlement. This determination and evaluation
shall be made by a majority vote of the Members who are not parties or
threatened to be made parties to the action, suit or proceeding.
Notwithstanding the foregoing to the contrary, no indemnification shall be
provided to any Manager, employee or agent of the Company for or in connection
with the receipt of a financial benefit to which such person is not entitled,
voting for or assenting to a distribution to Members in violation of this
Operating Agreement or the Act, or a knowing violation of law.
ARTICLE XI ‑
MISCELLANEOUS
Section 11.1 Registration. Each Member
hereby acknowledges and represents that:
(a)The
acquired membership interest in the Company has not been registered under the
Securities Act of 1933, as
amended, or under the securities laws of the State of STATE or any other state,
in reliance upon applicable exemptions under said laws and may not be assigned
or otherwise transferred without registration or an exemption therefrom; and
(a)Notwithstanding
any provisions contained in this Agreement, no Company interest or membership
interest may be offered or sold and no transfer of such interest will be made
either by the Company or the Members unless:
(i)Such
interest is registered under the Securities Act of 1933 and any applicable
securities laws of the State of STATE;
or
(i)An
opinion of counsel for the Company is obtained to the effect that such
registration is not necessary.
Section 11.2 Investment Decision. Each
Member hereby further acknowledges and represents that:
(a)The Member
is acquiring his Membership Interest in the Company for investment purposes
only and not with a view to distribution or resale thereof; and
(a)The Member
has made an independent investment analysis in deciding to become a
Member, has had the
opportunity to investigate the business of the Company, the qualifications of
the other Members and the tax and financial implications of an investment in
the Company and has deemed the investment appropriate for him.
Section 11.3 Representations and
Warranties. Each Member, and in the case of an organization, the person(s)
executing this Agreement on behalf of the organization, hereby represents and
warrants to the Company and each other Member that: (a) if the Member is an
organization, that it is duly organized, validly existing, and in good standing
under the laws of its state of organization and that it has full organizational
power to execute and agree to this Agreement to perform its obligations
hereunder; and (b) that the Member is acquiring its interest in the Company for
the Member's own account as an investment and without an intent to distribute
the interest.
Section 11.4 Binding Provisions. The covenants and agreements
contained in this Agreement shall be binding upon the heirs, personal
representatives, successors and permitted assigns of the respective Members.
Section 11.5 Severability of Provisions.
Each provision of this Agreement shall be considered severable and if for any
reason any provision or provisions of this Agreement are determined to be
invalid and contrary to any existing or filture law, such invalidity shall not
impair the operation of or affect those portions of this Agreement that are valid.
Section 11.6 Specific Performance and
Damages. The Members understand and agree that any Member may suffer
irreparable damage in the event that this Agreement is not specifically
performed according to its terms. Accordingly, the Members agree that all of
the terms of this Agreement will be enforceable in a court having equity
jurisdiction by a decree of specific performance or by injunction or by both;
provided, however, that the foregoing will not be construed as prohibiting any
of the Members from pursuing any additional remedies for a breach or threatened
breach of this Agreement, including the recovery of damages.
Section 11.7 Notices. Any notice
required or permitted to be given under this Agreement will be sufficient and
deemed delivered if in writing, signed, and personally delivered or deposited
in the United States mails in a sealed envelope addressed to the Member at the
Member's address as it appears on the records of the Company in the case of
notice to the Member, or to the Company's principal place of business and the
Company's registered office, if different, in the case of notice to the
Company, with postage prepaid.
Section 11.8Entire Agreement.This Agreement constitutes the entire
understanding and
agreement among the Members with respect to the
subject matter of this Agreement, and supersedes all prior and contemporaneous
agreements and understandings, inducements, or conditions, express or implied,
oral or written, except as contained in this Agreement.
Section 11.9No Third Party Beneficiaries. Nothing
contained in this Agreement shall create or be deemed to create any rights or
benefits in any third parties.
Section 11.10 Amendment of Agreement and
Articles of Organization.Neither
this Agreement, nor the Articles of Organization, a form of which is attached
to this Agreement as Exhibit B, may
be amended or modified, except with the unanimous written consent of all
Members.
Section 11.11 Applicable Law. This
Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the
State of STATE.
Section 11.12Captions. Captions are used in this
Agreement for the convenience of the parties only and are not intended to be
used in the interpretation of this Agreement.
Section 11.13 Counterparts. This
Agreement may be executed in counter parts, each of which shall be deemed an
original and all of which, when taken together, constitute one and the same
instrument, binding on the Members. The signature of any party to any
counterpart shall be deemed a signature to, and may be appended to, any other
counterpart.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Members execute
this Agreement as of the date first written above.